Monika Böhm, Ben Collen, Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Philip Bowles, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox, Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Hoffmann, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Mala Ram, Anders G.J. Rhodin, Simon N. Stuart, Peter Paul van Dijk, Bruce E. Young, Leticia E. Afuang, Aram Aghasyan, Andrés García, César Aguilar, Rastko Ajtic, Ferdi Akarsu, Laura R.V. Alencar, Allen Allison, Natalia Ananjeva, Steve Anderson, Claes Andrén, Daniel Ariano-Sánchez, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Mark Auliya, Christopher C. Austin, Aziz Avci, Patrick J. Baker, André F. Barreto-Lima, César L. Barrio-Amorós, Dhruvayothi Basu, Michael F. Bates, Alexandre Batistella, Aaron Bauer, Daniel Bennett, Wolfgang Böhme, Don Broadley, Rafe Brown, Joseph Burgess, Ashok Captain, Santiago Carreira, Maria del Rosario Castañeda, Fernando Castro, Alessandro Catenazzi, José R. Cedeño-Vázquez, David G. Chapple, Marc Cheylan, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Dan Cogalniceanu, Hal Cogger, Claudia Corti, Gabriel C. Costa, Patrick J. Couper, Tony Courtney, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Pierre-André Crochet, Brian Crother, Felix Cruz, Jennifer C. Daltry, R.J. Ranjit Daniels, Indraneil Das, Anslem de Silva, Arvin C. Diesmos, Lutz Dirksen, Tiffany M. Doan, C. Kenneth Dodd, J. Sean Doody, Michael E. Dorcas, Jose Duarte de Barros Filho, Vincent T. Egan, El Hassan El Mouden, Dirk Embert, Robert E. Espinoza, Alejandro Fallabrino, Xie Feng, Zhao-Jun Feng, Lee Fitzgerald, Oscar Flores-Villela, Frederico G.R. França, Darrell Frost, Hector Gadsden, Tony Gamble, S.R. Ganesh, Miguel A. Garcia, Juan E. García-Pérez, Joey Gatus, Maren Gaulke, Philippe Geniez, Arthur Georges, Justin Gerlach, Stephen Goldberg, Juan-Carlos T. Gonzalez, David J. Gower, Tandora Grant, Eli Greenbaum, Cristina Grieco, Peng Guo, Alison M. Hamilton, Kelly Hare, S. Blair Hedges, Neil Heideman, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Rod Hitchmough, Bradford Hollingsworth, Mark Hutchinson, Ivan Ineich, John Iverson, Fabian M. Jaksic, Richard Jenkins, Ulrich Joger, Reizl Jose, Yakup Kaska, Uĝur Kaya, J. Scott Keogh, Gunther Köhler, Gerald Kuchling, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Axel Kwet, Enrique La Marca, William Lamar, Amanda Lane, Bjorn Lardner, Craig Latta, Gabrielle Latta, Michael Lau, Pablo Lavin, Dwight Lawson, Matthew LeBreton, Edgar Lehr, Duncan Limpus, Nicola Lipczynski, Aaron S. Lobo, Marco A. López-Luna, Luca Luiselli, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Mikael Lundberg, Petros Lymberakis, Robert Macey, William E. Magnusson, D. Luke Mahler, Anita Malhotra, Jean Mariaux, Bryan Maritz, Otavio A.V. Marques, Rafael Márquez, Marcio Martins, Gavin Masterson, José A. Mateo, Rosamma Mathew, Nixon Mathews, Gregory Mayer, James R. McCranie, G. John Measey, Fernando Mendoza-Quijano, Michele Menegon, Sébastien Métrailler, David A. Milton, Chad Montgomery, Sérgio A.A. Morato, Tami Mott, Antonio Muñoz-Alonso, John Murphy, Truong Q. Nguyen, Göran Nilson, Cristiano Nogueira, Herman Núñez, Nikolai Orlov, Hidetoshi Ota, José Ottenwalder, Theodore Papenfuss, Stesha Pasachnik, Paulo Passos, Olivier S.G. Pauwels, Néstor Pérez-Buitrago, Valentín Pérez-Mellado, Eric R. Pianka, Juan Pleguezuelos, Caroline Pollock, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Robert Powell, Fabio Pupin, Gustavo E. Quintero Díaz, Raju Radder, Jan Ramer, Arne R. Rasmussen, Chris Raxworthy, Robert Reynolds, Nadia Richman, Edmund L. Rico, Elisa Riservato, Gilson Rivas, Pedro L.B. da Rocha, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Lourdes Rodríguez Schettino, Willem M. Roosenburg, James P. Ross, Riyad Sadek, Kate Sanders, Georgina Santos-Barrera, Hermann H. Schleich, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Andreas Schmitz, Mozafar Sharifi, Glenn Shea, Hai-Tao Shi, Richard Shine, Roberto Sindaco, Tahar Slimani, Ruchira Somaweera, Steve Spawls, Peter Stafford, Rob Stuebing, Sam Sweet, Emerson Sy, Helen J. Temple, Marcelo F. Tognelli, Krystal Tolley, Peter J. Tolson, Boris Tuniyev, Sako Tuniyev, Nazan üzüm, Gerard van Buurt, Monique Van Sluys, Alvaro Velasco, Miguel Vences, Milan Veselý, Sabine Vinke, Thomas Vinke, Gernot Vogel, Milan Vogrin, Richard C. Vogt, Oliver R. Wearn, Yehudah L. Werner, Martin J. Whiting, Thomas Wiewandt, John Wilkinson, Byron Wilson, Sally Wren, Tara Zamin, Kaiya Zhou, George Zug
Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world's reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, Regent's Park, United Kingdom; Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, Regent's Park, United Kingdom; IUCN - CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, 2011 Crystal Drive Ste 500, United States; Species Programme, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Rue Mauverney 28, Switzerland; IUCN - CI Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Cheltenham 3192, Vic., C/o 130 Weatherall Road, Australia; NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368, 746 Middlepoint Road, United States; IUCN SSC Species Survival Commission, C/o United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge CB3 0DL, 219 Huntingdon Road, United Kingdom; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, Graham Kerr Building, United Kingdom; Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, MA 01462, 168 Goodrich St., United States; IUCN Species Survival Commission, 1196 Gland, Rue Mauverney 28, Switzerland; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge CB3 0DL, 219 Huntington Road, United Kingdom; Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, 2011 Crystal Drive Ste 500, United States; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 45553, United Arab Emirates; NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., 7th Floor, United States; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Banos College, Laguna 4031, Philippines; Protected Areas Management Department, Bioresources Management Agency of Ministry of Nature Protection, Yerevan, Armenia; Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, U.N.A.M., San Patricio, Jalisco 48980, Apdo. Postal 21, Mexico; Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru; Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, 11070 Belgrade, Dr Ivana Ribara 91, Serbia; Doĝa Derneĝi (Nature Association), Ankara, Hürriyet cad. 43/12 Dikmen, Turkey; Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, 1525 Bernice Street, United States; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Russian Federation; University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, 3601 Pacific Avenue, United States; Nordens Ark, Åby säteri, SE-456 93 Hunnebostrand, Sweden; Organización Zootropic, General Projects, Guatemala 1001, 12 Calle 1-25, Zona 10, Edificio Geminis 10, Guatemala; Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 04218-170, Caixa Postal 42494, Brazil; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Conservation Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Permoserstrasse 15, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-3216, 119 Foster Hall, United States; Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Aydin, Turkey; Texas A and M University System, AgriLIFE Research, Blackland Research and Extension Center, Temple, TX 76502, 720 E Blackland Rd, United States; Wetlands Institute, Stone Harbor, NJ 08247, 1075 Stone Harbor Blvd., United States; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Instituto de Biociências, Agronomia, 91-540-000 Porto Alegre-RS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Brazil; Fundación Andígena, Mérida, Po Box 210, Mérida 5101-A, Venezuela; Katerniaghat Foundation, Mahanagar, Lucknow 226 006, C-421 Sector-B, India; Department of Herpetology, National Museum, Bloemfontein 9300, Po Box 266, South Africa; Department of the Environment, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, 800 Lancaster Avenue, United States; Mampam Conservation, Glossop, United Kingdom; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), 53113 Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, Germany; Department of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, P.O. Box 240, Zimbabwe; University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Institute, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7593, Dyche Hall, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, United States; Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra, FL 32082, United States; not available, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, 3/1 Boat Club Road, India; Laboratorio de Sistemática de Vertebrados e Historia Natural, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias (UDELAR) and Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, 26 Oxford Street, United States; Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, United States; Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, C.P. 77013 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Col. David Gustavo Gtz. Av. Insurgentes No. 330, Mexico; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia; Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, PO Box 600, New Zealand; CNRS-UMR5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 34293 Montpellier edex 5, 1919 route de Mende, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Calle Diego de Robles y Via Interoceanica, DW-010A. Quito, Campus Cumbaya, edif. Darwin Casilla Postal 17-12-841, Ecuador; University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Romania; Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, 6 College Street, Australia; Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia La Specola, Italy; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil; Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Bank, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Po Box 3300, Australia; Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Southern Fisheries Centre, Deception 4508, Qld, PO Box 76, Australia; Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of NiŠ and IBISS Beograd, Serbia; Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, United States; INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNComa), (8400) Bariloche, Rio Negro, Quintral 1250, Argentina; Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge CB1 2JD, Jupiter House, Station Road, United Kingdom; Care Earth Trust, Thillaiganganagar, Chennai 600 061, No 5, 21st Street, India; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka; Amphibian Specialist Group IUCN SSC Working Group, Sri Lanka; Herpetology Department, Philippine National Museum, Manila, Padre Burgos St., Philippines; Reptile and Animal Presentation, 13089 Berlin, Neukirchstr. 37a, Germany; Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, United States; Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035-7118, United States; Laboratório de Zoologia de Vertebrados, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (LAZOVERTE - UERJ), Brazil; Department of Economic Development Environment and Tourism, Polokwane 0700, Limpopo, P. Bag X 9484, South Africa; Université Cadi Ayyad, Département de Biologie, Marrakech, BP 2390, Morocco; Fundacion Amigos de la Naturaleza, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, United States; Karumbe, Montevideo, D. Murillo 6334, Uruguay; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.O. Box 416, China; Xuzhou Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China; Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, 210 Nagle Hall, United States; Museo de Zoologia, Fac. De Cienicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.), Mexico; Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, Central Park West at 79th St., United States; Instituto de Ecología A. C., Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Chennai Snake Park, Chennai 600 022, Tamil Nadu, Rajbhavan post, India; Department of Natural Resources, Puerto Rico; Museo de Zoologìa, UNELLEZ, Guanare, Venezuela; Biology Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines; GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, Germany; EPHE-UMR5175, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 34293 Montpellier edex 5, 1919 route de Mende, France; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, 133 Cherry Hinton Road, United Kingdom; Whittier College, Department of Biology, Whittier, CA 90608, United States; Edward Grey Institute for Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, South Parks Road, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, 500 West University Avenue, United States; Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente, I-10132 Torino, Corso Casale 476, Italy; Yibin University, Sichuan, China; Division of Amphibian and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, P.O. Box 56, New Zealand; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, P.O. Box 339, South Africa; Species Programme, IUCN, Cambridge CB3 0DL, 219c Huntingdon Road, United Kingdom; Department of Conservation, Wellington 6143, P.O. Box 10-420, New Zealand; Department of Herpetology, San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA 92112, P.O. Box 121390, United States; South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, North Terrace, Australia; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7205 (Origine Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversite), Departement Systematique et Evolution, F-75005 Paris, CP 30, 25 rue Cuvier, France; Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo, B.P. 5181, Madagascar; Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom; School of Environment Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; State Natural History Museum (Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum), 38106 Braunschweig, Pockelsstr. 10, Germany; Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines; Pamukkale University, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey; Department of Zoology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/Izmir, Turkey; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, D-60325 Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, Germany; School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, 35 Stirling Highway, Australia; Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Buca, Izmir, Turkey; Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, D-70191 Stuttgart, Zoologie, Rosenstein 1, Germany; Laboratorio de Biogeografía, Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida 5101-A, Apartado Postal 116, Venezuela; University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, 3900 University Blvd., United States; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Australian Freshwater Turtle Conservation and Research Association (AFTCRA Inc.), Carters Ridge, Qld, 53 Jubilee Road, Australia; WWF - Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico; Zoo Atlanta, SE Atlanta, GA 30315, 800 Cherokee Avenue, United States; Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, Cameroon; Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, United States; Environment and Resource Science Division, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Australia; WildScreen, Bristol BS1 4HJ, Ground Floor, The Rackhay, Queen Charlotte Street, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico; Centre of Environmental Studies Demetra, 00198 Roma, Via Olona 7, Italy; University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, D-01109 Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstr. 159, Germany; Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, 71409 Irakleio, Greece; Department of Biology, Merritt College, Oakland, CA 94619, 12500 Campus Drive, United States; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CEP 69083-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Av. André Araújo 2936, Aleixo, Brazil; Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, Deiniol Road, United Kingdom; Museum of Natural History, 1208 Geneva, Route de Malagnou 1, Switzerland; School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits 2050, South Africa; Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, Brazil; Fonoteca Zoológica, Dept Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, José Gutierrez Abascal 2, Spain; BIOGES, University of Las Palmas, 35001 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain; Zoological Survey of India, North Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong 793 003, Meghalaya, Fruit Garden, Risa Colony, India; Wildlife Trust for India(WTI), Species Recovery Program, India; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141, United States; Smithsonian Institution Research Associate, United States; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, Private Bag X6001, South Africa; Instituto Tecnológico de Huejutla, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo 43000, Carr. Huejutla-Chalahuiyapa A.P. 94, Mexico; Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, 38122 Trento, Via Calepina 14, Italy; not available, 1967 Bramois, Ch. du Bosquet 6, Switzerland; CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Cleveland, 4163 Qld, P.O. Box 120, Australia; Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, United States; Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chiapas, Mexico; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., United States; Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Viet Nam; Göteborg Natural History Museum, SE-402 35 Göteborg, Box 7283, Sweden; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasilia, ICC Ala Sul - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Interior de la Quinta Normal, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1546, Yayoigaoka 6, Japan; Medio Ambiente, Salud and Seguridad Ocupacional, Aerodom SIGLO XXI, Dominican Republic; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, United States; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil; Département des Vertébrés Récents, Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 1000 Brussels, Rue Vautier 29, Belgium; Universidad de Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico; Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Integrative Biology C0930, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0253, One University Station, United States; Dep Animal Biology, Fac Sciences, Granada Univer, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Bosque Tropical A. C., Jocotepec 45800, Jalisco, Privada Marlin # 10, Fraccionamiento Roca Azul, Mexico; Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO64145, United States; Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, C. P. 20131, Mexico; School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222, United States; School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, DK-1263 Copenhagen K, Esplanaden 34, Denmark; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States; Fauna and Flora International Philippines, C/o International Institute of Rural Reconstruction Y.C. James Yen Centre Silang, Cavite 4118, Philippines; not available, I-28100 Novara, Via Maestra 81, Italy; Museo de Biologia, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, La Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4011, Estado Zulia, Apartado postal 526, Venezuela; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, Germany; Institute of Ecology and Systematics, La Habana, Cuba; Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, 107 Irvine Hall, United States; IUCN SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, United States; Biology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (U.N.A.M.), Mexico; Instituto y Nucleo Zoologico ARCO, E-04200 Tabernas, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland; Karch, 2000 Neuchâtel, Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron 6, Switzerland; Department of Herpetology and Ichthyology, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 1208 Geneve, 1 route de Malagnou, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; Department of Health and Science, City College, Norwich NR2 2LJ, United Kingdom; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Herpetological Society of the Philippines, Philippines; Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas áridas (IADIZA-CONICET), CP 5500 Mendoza, CC 507, Argentina; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, Private Bag X7, South Africa; Toledo Zoo, Toledo, OH 43614, Po Box 140130, United States; not available, 354000 Sochi, Ul. Moskovskaya 21, Russian Federation; not available, Curaçao, Kaya Oy Sprock 18, Netherlands; Depto. Ecologia, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, CEP 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier524, Brazil; IUCN SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, Caracas, Venezuela; Technical University of Braunschweig (Technische Universität Braunschweig), 38092 Braunschweig, Germany; Palacký University Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic; not available, 9300 Fernheim, Filadelfia 853, Paraguay; Society for Southeast Asian Herpetology, D-69115 Heidelberg, Im Sand 3, Germany; DPPVN, Rače, Slovenia; Institute of Life Sciences (EEB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel; Museum für Tierkunde, Senckenberg Dresden, 01109 Dresden, A. B. Meyer Building, Königsbrucker Landstrasse 159, Germany; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Wild Horizons Inc, Iucson, AZ 85703, United States; Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Bournemouth, BH1 4AP Dorset, 655A Christchurch Road, Boscombe, United Kingdom; University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica; Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
