Yi Ting, Chi-Shun Tu, Pin-Yi Chen, Cheng-Sao Chen, J. Anthoniappen, V.H. Schmidt, Jenn-Min Lee, Ting-Shan Chan, Wei-Yu Chen, Rui-Wen Song
Magnetization hysteresis loops, dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities, and Raman vibrations have been characterized in (Bi1−xBax)FeO3−δ ceramics for x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 as functions of temperature. Ferromagnetic hysteresis loops were observed in Ba-doped compounds with increasing magnetization as Ba substitution increases. High-resolution synchrotron Fe K- and L2,3-edge X-ray absorptions reveal an Fe3+ valence and a modification of the Fe–O–Fe bond structure by the A-site Ba substitution. The oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption suggests that the hybridization of the O 2p and Fe 3d orbitals was reduced by the Ba2+ substitution. Field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetic susceptibilities reveal a spin-glass behavior, which was enhanced with increasing Ba substitution. Raman vibrations of the Bi- and Fe-sensitive E(2) and A1(1) modes reveal frequency softening and step-like anomalies in full-width-at-half-maximum in the vicinity of ~150–250 K, which were attributed to spin–phonon interaction while magnetic ordering transitions take place. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hwa Hsia University of Technology, New Taipei City, 23567, Taiwan; Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines; Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, MT, United States; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
