Examining the Latent Dimensions of ICD-11 Adjustment Disorder in a Cohort of Filipino University Students in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era

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Austin Jay P. Ferolino, Imelu G. Mordeno, Judith L. Ducay

2026 Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development Note Cited by 0 Quartile

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the validity of Adjustment Disorder New Module-8 (ADNM-8) among a sample of Filipino college students from Central Visayas, Philippines, in the post-pandemic situation. Methods: The study utilized 5036 college students. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to identify the best-fitted model. Measurement invariance (i.e. configural, metric, and scalar) was then conducted across year levels. A latent class analysis was performed to determine the number of latent classes. Finally, zero-order correlation was performed to explore adjustment disorder’s association with related psychological constructs. Results: The findings revealed that adjustment disorder is best represented by two factors: preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt. Moreover, the two-factor model demonstrated measurement equivalence across year levels. LCA revealed a 3-class solution, identifying three distinct symptom classes. Lastly, criterion-related validity was supported by significant positive correlations with psychological distress, depression, and anxiety. Conclusion: This study established the psychometric soundness of ADNM-8 as a measure of post-pandemic adjustment disorder. © 2026 Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC).

Affiliations

University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines; Mindanao State University–Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines