Haidee Mana-ay, Jesuraj Anthoniappen, Chi-Shun Tu, Raymund Sarmiento, Cheng-Sao Chen, Pin-Yi Chen, Flora Mae Ruiz
Multiferroic (Bi 0.86 Sm 0.14 )(Fe 1−x Ti x )O 3 ceramics (BFO14Sm100xTi) for x=0.000,0.005,and0.010 were synthesized using solid-state reaction method to investigate the influence of Ti 4+ doping on their microstructure, dielectric, and ferroelectric behaviors. Scanning electron micrographs reveal that the Ti 4+ doping facilitates slow oxygen ion diffusion leading to reduced grain size (2.13, 1.75, and 1.50 μm for BFO14Sm, BFO14Sm0.5Ti, and BFO14Sm1Ti, respectively). High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinements confirm the phase coexistence of polar R3c rhombohedral and nonpolar PbZrO 3 -like Pbam orthorhombic phases. The temperature dependent HR-XRD shows that the Ti 4+ ions stabilize phase coexistence up to 250°C. The enhanced dielectric homogeneity and decreased conductivity are caused by Ti 4+ substitution, which are attributed to reduction of oxygen vacancies. The improved piezoelectric coefficients (d 33 ) and symmetric P–E hysteresis loops of BFO14Sm0.5Ti, and BFO14Sm1Ti indicate enhanced ferroelectric order due to Ti 4+ ion doping. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Talamban Campus, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines; Department of Physics, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hwa Hsia University of Technology, New Taipei City, 23567, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
